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Article 14 of the Constitution permits *reasonable classification* but forbids *class legislation*. The 'twin test' for permissible classification was set out by the Supreme Court in:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A.
1. The classical 'twin test' was enunciated in **State of West Bengal v. Anwar Ali Sarkar, AIR 1952 SC 75**.
2. The two conditions are: (i) the classification must rest on an **intelligible differentia** that distinguishes those grouped together from those left out, and (ii) the differentia must have a **rational nexus** with the object sought to be achieved by the statute.
3. Both conditions are cumulative — failing either invalidates the classification.
4. *Maneka Gandhi* expanded Article 14 to strike at arbitrariness; *Indra Sawhney* recognised equality as a basic feature; *Ram Kishan Dalmiya* summarised the rules into a seven-point checklist but did not coin the twin test itself.
_Source: ICSI CS Executive — Lesson 2, 'Test of valid classification', p. 34._
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