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Define $f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ by $f(x) = x^{2}$. What is the **range** of $f$?

A$\mathbb{R}$
B$\mathbb{R}^{+}$ (positive reals only)
C$[0, \infty)$ (non-negative reals)
D$\{0\}$
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. $[0, \infty)$ (non-negative reals)
$x^{2} \ge 0$ for all real $x$, with equality iff $x = 0$. Every non-negative real value is attained (e.g., $y \ge 0 \Rightarrow x = \sqrt{y}$ works). So range $= [0, \infty)$. - **B** excludes $0$ — but $f(0) = 0$ is in the range.
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