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Which Act was amended in 2025 to provide statutory framework for setting up mineral/coal exchanges?

AThe Companies Act 2013
BThe Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act 1973
CThe Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957
DThe Indian Bureau of Mines Act
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957
The MMDR Act, 1957 was amended in 2025 to provide a framework for mineral exchanges. The amendment received Presidential assent on 21 August 2025 and came into force on 01.09.2025. Coal Controller Organization was appointed on 10.12.2025 to register and regulate coal exchanges. (Source: MoC Year-End Review 2025 section 2.2.)
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