From Francis Bacon's essay *Of Studies* (1625). Select the word that fits the blank. "To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is ______; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar."

Bacon lists three vices of misusing study: too much time → sloth, too much ornament → ______, too much rule-following → "humor of a scholar" (pedantry). The blank must name the vice of *showing off* learning. "Affectation" (a mannered or pretentious display) is the precise term; it pairs with *ornament* exactly the way Bacon uses both. - "Industry" is a virtue, not a vice — it would break the parallel structure. - "Sincerity" is the opposite of what's wanted (sincerity is *not* a vice). - "Negligence" already overlaps with sloth, the first vice listed.