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Among $\mathrm{Cr}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}$, the stronger reducing agent in aqueous solution is:
A$\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}$, because of its lower atomic mass
B$\mathrm{Cr}^{2+}$, because oxidation to $\mathrm{Cr}^{3+}$ gives the extra-stable $d^3$ ($t_{2g}^3$) configuration
CThey are equally strong reducing agents
D$\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}$, because $d^6$ is less stable than $d^4$
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. $\mathrm{Cr}^{2+}$, because oxidation to $\mathrm{Cr}^{3+}$ gives the extra-stable $d^3$ ($t_{2g}^3$) configuration
Standard electrode potentials: $E^\circ(\mathrm{Cr}^{3+}/\mathrm{Cr}^{2+}) = -0.41\,\text{V}$ (very negative, easily oxidised, strong reductant), $E^\circ(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}/\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}) = +0.77\,\text{V}$ (positive, less easily oxidised). $\mathrm{Cr}^{2+}$ ($d^4$) loses one electron to give $\mathrm{Cr}^{3+}$ ($d^3$, half-filled $t_{2g}$ in an octahedral field), which is extra stable. By contrast, $\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}$ ($d^6$) loses one electron to give $\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}$ ($d^5$), also stable but the change is energetically less favourable from $d^6$ than from $d^4$.
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