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Consider a family of circle which are passing through the point $(-1, 1)$ and are tangent to $x$-axis. If $(h, k)$ are the coordinates of the centre of the circles, then the set of values of $k$ is given by the interval:

A$k \geq \frac{1}{2}$
B$-\frac{1}{2} \leq k \leq \frac{1}{2}$
C$k \leq \frac{1}{2}$
D$0 < k < \frac{1}{2}$
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. $k \geq \frac{1}{2}$
Since the circle is tangent to the $x$-axis and has centre $(h,k)$, its radius equals the distance of the centre from the $x$-axis, so the radius is $|k|$. Also, the circle passes through $(-1,1)$, so the distance from $(h,k)$ to $(-1,1)$ must equal the radius. $$\sqrt{(h+1)^2+(k-1)^2}=|k|$$ Squaring, $$ (h+1)^2+(k-1)^2=k^2 $$ $$ (h+1)^2+k^2-2k+1=k^2 $$ $$ (h+1)^2-2k+1=0 $$ $$ 2k=(h+1)^2+1 $$ $$ k=\frac{(h+1)^2+1}{2} $$ Now $(h+1)^2\ge 0$, so $$ k\ge \frac{1}{2} $$ Every such value is attainable by choosing suitable $h$. Comparing with the options, this matches option $\text{A}$.
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