Statements: a. All tigers are lions. b. All lions are horses. c. No horses are monkeys. Conclusions: I. All tigers are horses. II. No tigers are monkeys. III. Some lions are tigers. IV. Some monkeys are not tigers
AAll follows
BOnly I, II, and III follow
COnly I, II, and IV follow
DOnly II, III and IV follow
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. Only I, II, and IV follow
From the statements, $\text{Tigers} \subseteq \text{Lions}$ and $\text{Lions} \subseteq \text{Horses}$. Therefore $\text{Tigers} \subseteq \text{Horses}$, so conclusion $\mathrm{I}$ follows.
Also, no horses are monkeys, so $\text{Horses} \cap \text{Monkeys} = \varnothing$. Since all tigers are horses, tigers also cannot be monkeys. Hence conclusion $\mathrm{II}$ follows.
Conclusion $\mathrm{III}$ says some lions are tigers. From $\text{Tigers} \subseteq \text{Lions}$, existence of tigers is not guaranteed, so this does not necessarily follow.
Conclusion $\mathrm{IV}$ says some monkeys are not tigers. Since no horses are monkeys and all tigers are horses, no tiger can be a monkey. Thus any monkey, if it exists, is not a tiger, so this follows in standard syllogism convention.
So the conclusions that follow are $\mathrm{I, II, IV}$. Re-checking the options, this matches option $\mathrm{C}$.